1. Glutamic acid participates in the joint deamination centered on glutamate dehydrogenase (glutamic acid is deaminated).
2. In blood ammonia transport, glutamine synthetase catalyzes the combination of glutamic acid and ammonia to produce glutamine. Glutamine is neutral, non-toxic, easy to penetrate the cell membrane, and is the main form of ammonia transportation.
3. In the glucose alanine cycle, glutamate dehydrogenase in muscle catalyzes α- Ketoglutarate combines with ammonia to form glutamic acid, which is then formed with pyruvate under the catalysis of alanine aminotransferase α- Ketoglutaric acid and alanine.
4. In the metabolic pathway of bioactive substances, glutamate itself is an excitatory neurotransmitter, which is widely found in the brain and spinal cord, and is formed by decarboxylation of glutamate γ- Aminobutyric acid is a kind of inhibitory neurotransmitter, which exists widely in organisms.
5. In the pathway of amino acid synthesis, glutamate is an important precursor for the synthesis of glutamine, proline, arginine and lysine.
6. In the ornithine cycle (urea synthesis), glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria removes the amino group of glutamate, providing free ammonia for the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate; Glutamic oxaloacetic acid is transferred to oxaloacetic acid by glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase in the cytoplasm, which forms aspartic acid and enters the ornithine cycle. Glutamic acid indirectly provides the second amino acid for the cycle.